Researchers in western Sichuan have identified a fresh species of pitviper that had been mistaken for a common bamboo pitviper for decades.
Genetic testing revealed a distinct evolutionary branch hidden in plain sight
The snake, now named Trimeresurus lii or the Huaxi Green Pitviper, was discovered during wildlife surveys in the misty forests of Mt. Emei and Xiling Snow Mountain. Scientists from the Chengdu Institute of Biology and the Giant Panda National Park initially classified the specimens as T. Stejnegeri due to their nearly identical grass-green coloration. Although, DNA analysis showed the population forms a separate lineage, confirming it as the 58th known species in the Trimeresurus genus and only the second from its subgenus recorded in Sichuan Province.
Physical traits and venomous nature align with regional risks
Both male and female Huaxi Green Pitvipers display vivid green bodies, but males feature a bold red and white stripe along their sides and amber eyes, while females have a simpler yellow stripe and orange-yellow eyes. Like other Trimeresurus species, this snake is venomous and capable of causing envenoming bites. Its habitat in humid, mountainous areas overlaps with human activity, presenting a potential risk to local communities and visitors in the West China Rain Zone.
Discovery underscores hidden diversity in a well-studied hotspot
The region where the snake was found is part of a global biodiversity hotspot yet remains incompletely documented despite years of exploration. Researchers emphasize that the Huaxi Green Pitviper’s concealment highlights how much remains unknown even in areas subjected to repeated surveys. They note that continued fieldwork is essential to uncover cryptic species before habitat changes obscure them further.
How did researchers confirm this was a new species?
They used DNA analysis to present the population forms a separate evolutionary branch and identified consistent physical differences, including smooth head scales that distinguish it from related species like the bamboo pitviper.
Why was the species named after Laozi?
The team named it Trimeresurus lii to honor Li Er, better known as Laozi, whose teachings on harmonious coexistence between humans and nature align with the conservation mission of the Giant Panda National Park where the snake was found.
